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In order to investigate the effect of various production processes on the quality of Safflower Injection, the biological activities of the intermediates were evaluated by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Intermediates were produced by key processes, such as extraction, concentration, twice alcohol precipitation, water sedimentation and two sterilizations during the production of Safflower Injection. The content of main chemical components in intermediates was determined by HPLC. The results showed that with the advance of the preparation process of Safflower Injection, the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate of each intermediate decreased gradually, and the trend of extending APTT activity decreased first and then increased. Meanwhile, the content of hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA) was gradually lowered, the content of p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid was increased, and new chemical component p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was produced. In conclusion, sterilization played a key role in the biological activity and HSYA content of Safflower injection.
Subject(s)
Carthamus tinctorius , Chalcone , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Platelet AggregationABSTRACT
AIM To observe the effect of Safflower Injection (safflower yellow) combined with alprostadil and sildenafil in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease (chronic cor pulmonale) complicated with pulmonary hypertension.METHODS Two hundred and twenty-three cases of chronic pulmonary heart disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension patients were randomly divided into two groups,the control group of one hundred and eleven cases in conventional therapy plus alprostadil and sildenafil,one hundred and twelve cases in the treatment group were treated with Safflower Injection on the basis of the control group.The efficacy and side effects in two groups were observed.RESULTS The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (SPAP),pulmonary arterial mean pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary artery diastolic blood pressure (DPAP) in two groups,compared with those before the treatment,were significantly decreased,left ventricular shoot ejection fraction (LVEF),compared with those before treatment,was significantly increased;SPAP,mPAP and DPAP of treatment group after the treatment were decreased significantly as compared with the control group,LVEF was significantly increased.Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in two groups,compared with those before the treatment,were significantly increased,carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2),compared with those before the treatment,was significantly decreased;after treatment in the treatment group,PaO2 was significantly increased as compared with the control group.Blood high shear viscosity,whole blood viscosity at low shear,plasma viscosity,red blood cell pressure volume and platelet aggregation rate in two groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment;whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood viscosity of low shear,plasma viscosity and platelet aggregation rate in the treatment group,compared with the control group,were decreased significantly.High sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP),creatine kinase (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (TnⅠ) in two groups,compared with those before the treatment,were significantly reduced;after the treatment,hs-CRP,CK-MB and TnⅠ in the treatment group,compared with the control group,were decreased significantly.There was no difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.There were no significant changes in liver and renal functions before and after the treatment in two groups.CONCLUSION Safflower Injection combined with alprostadil and sildenafil in the treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension has a good curative effect.
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Objective:To establish two differential gene expression profiles of qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome before or after safflower injection treatment by using gene chip technology;compared and analyzed to ensure the effective genes that are responsible for the therapeutic effects of safflower injection against qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in rats.Furthermore,speculated the effect mechanism of the therapeutic genes.Methods:Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5):control group,model group,and medication group.Qi-deficiency and blood stasis model was established by subjecting the rats to hunger and fatigue for two weeks.After a week of the modeling,safflower injection (100 mg/kg/d) was administered daily via the tail vein for 7 days in medication group,and the rats in model group were injected with saline of the same volume.Control group received normal feeding.At the end of the experiment,rats were killed and whole blood was collected to evaluate the blood stream change and extract mRNAs in blood samples.Qualified mRNAs were reverse transcribed into cDNA which was then used in gene chip hybridization.The genes regulated by safflower injection were determined by the fluorescence signal and the functional mechanisms of safflower injection were confirmed by further querying genealogy databases and reviewing literatures.Results:After two weeks of the modeling,the whole blood viscosity under various shear rates was significantly increased in the model rats which showed faint,blood stasis and weight loss,indicating that the model is made successfully.The increased whole blood viscosity and qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were obviously reversed by safflower injection treatment.Compared with the control group,252 genes up-regulated while 54 genes down-regulated in model group;compared with the model group,196 genes up-regulated while 32 genes down-regulated.Among these,16 differentially expressed genes were involved in inflammation and immune response.Conclusions:Safflower injection was effective in treating qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,which was achieved by regulating inflammation related genes.
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Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride injection combined with safflower injection on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway and T cell subsets in mononuclear cells of patients with organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Methods 80 cases of organophosphate poisoning patients from June 2014 to June 2016 in onglu first people's hospital were selected,randomly divided into control group and observation group, the control group was treated with penehyclidine hydrochloride,observation group were treated with Honghua injection based on the treatment of control group. The effects were compared between two groups of TLRs/NF-κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells pathway and T cell subsets in peripheral blood, and compared two groups of patients with cholinesterase activity. Results On the third,fifth and 7th day of treatment,cholinesterase activity in both groups was higher than that before treatment,the activity of cholinesterase in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).After treatment,compared with before treatment,the levels of TLR2,TLR4 and NF-κB in the two groups were significantly decreased,and TLR2,TLR4,NF-κB levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),Th17,Th17/Treg levels in the observation group were significantly lower,and lower than the control group,Treg content was significantly higher,and higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride injection combined with safflower injection can help to reduce Th17,Th17/Treg levels,increased Treg cell content,regulate the inflammatory response, and promote recovery of cholinesterase activity.
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This study aimed at exploring a new method--microtox technology to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of safflower injections from different drug manufacturers.In the experiment,we investigated the characteristic parameters of vibrio fischeri (CS234) under different conditions,and then locked the optimum parameters for safflower injection assay:recovery liquid volume 0.9 mL in freeze-dried vial,50 μL bacteria suspension in each sample,and the detection time of 10 mins after adding the bacteria suspension.Under this optimum detection condition,we found that the EC50 values were 3.36％,5.58％ and 4.33％,being significantly different between 3 representative drug manufacturers (P ＜ 0.05).In conclusion,it was implied that the biological detection standards of safflower injections need improving,while the microtox-based fast test of the comprehensive toxicity of safflower injection showed a favorable and prospective application to controlling the product qualities of different manufacturers.
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Objective To explore the treatment mechanism of safflower injection on sudden deafness through the changes of the hearing threshold, serum superoxide dismntase (SOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) before and after treatment. Methods 40 cases of sudden deafness were divided into two groups: groupⅠ(group with safflower) and groupⅡ (group without safflower). The concentrations of serum MDA and SOD and hearing threshold were detected before and after treatment. 25 cases of normal hearing as the control group. Results (1) The total efficiency in the group Ⅰwas higher than the group Ⅱ (P0.05). Conclusion Safflower injection could scavenge oxygen free radical and improve the quality of hearing recovery.
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OBJECTIVE: To study nucleosides in Safflower injection. METHODS: Nucleosides in Safflower injection were identified by LC-MS. The separation was performed on Phenomenex Gemini-C18 column. Gradient elution was carried out with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. Four nucleosides in Safflower injection were simultaneously determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column. The mobile phase was 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1. The assay was carried out at 40 °C with detection at 260 nm. RESULTS: Adenosine, guanosine, uridine and cytidine in safflower injection were identified. The relationship between the injection quality and the peak areas of the four nucleosides was all linear. The average recoveries (n=6) were in the range of 99.0%-101.4% and the RSDS were all less than 1.5%. The contents of the four nucleosides in tested samples were in the field of 0.033-0.162, 0.008-0.052, 0.048-0.184 and 0.031-0.064 mg·mL-1. CONCLUSION: There are four nucleosides in safflower injection. The contents of adenosine and uridine are relatively high. There was significant difference in the contents of the tested samples.
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Objective: To study the mechanism of safflower injection(红花注射液) on preventing thrombosis after arteriovenous fistula operation in rabbits.Method: Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: safflower injection group,heparin group and control group(each n=8).Rabbit femoral arteryvein side-to-side anastomosis models were performed on both sides of the lower extremities and they were coincided.Safflower injection(5 mg/kg) or heparin injection(6 U/kg) was given from ear edge vein immediately after operation in the respective group,while normal saline(0.9%) was given with the same fashion in the control group,once per day for 14 days.On the 1 st,3 rd,7 th and 15 th day after operation,the nitric oxide(NO) in serum and endothelin(ET) in plasma were determined respectively.Results: The plasma ET contents were significantly lowered in safflower and heparin groups compared with that of control group(both P
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Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of Safflower Injection on the proliferation,apoptosis,and expression of bcl-2/bax gene in hepatic stellate cell(HSC) in vitro.Methods HSC Line HSC-T6 was incubated with Safflower Injection at different concertration,cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay.After incubated with Safflower Injection 5,10,and 20 mg/mL,flow cytometry(FCM) was used to detect the content of DNA in HSC-T6.Morphological change of HSC-T6 was observed under microscope and agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA Ladder was used to detect apoptosis.Besides,the early stage of apoptosis was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI double labbled assay.And real time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of bcl-2/bax gene.Results The significant inhibition of Safflower Injection on HSC proliferation was observed in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Observed by FCM,the cell ratio in G0/G1 phase with Safflower Injection treatment(10 and 20 mg/mL) for 24 h was increased,which showed the significant difference compared with the control group(P